- You can compare the heads of government, the main political parties in power, and upcoming events (such as elections and party conventions) for the target countries and regions in a single table.
- We have summarized the issues currently being debated in various countries based on government announcements and media reports.
- It is clear that the impact of the situation in the Middle East on fuel and supplies has become a policy issue in many countries in the region.
Scope of This Article
This article is based on information verified as of October 18, 2026. The countries covered include China, Taiwan, and South Korea in East Asia; Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore in Southeast Asia; India in South Asia; and Australia and New Zealand in Oceania.
For each country, we will list the head of government, the main political party in power, upcoming milestones related to the head of government, and current political issues. To focus on summarizing the key points, we will keep explanations of the political systems to a minimum and devote most of the space to the political issues.
We primarily rely on announcements from the government, the legislature, and election management bodies, and when those are insufficient, we use articles from news outlets and research institutions. When information comes from private sources, we indicate this within the text.
List
The following table was compiled independently based on sources verified in this article. The “Next Milestone” column lists only the dates confirmed by the sources. Part of the table is based on private-sector sources. Please refer to the sections on each country for source citations.
| Country/Region | Head of the Administration | Major Political Parties in Power | The Next Milestone |
|---|---|---|---|
| China | General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (习近平) | Communist Party of China (中国共产党) | The plenary session of the Party's Central Committee will be held from October 26 to 29. |
| Taiwan | President Lai Ching-te (賴清德) | Democratic Progressive Party (民主進步黨) (The two opposition parties hold a majority in the Legislative Yuan (立法院)) | Unified local elections will be held on November 28. The next presidential election will be in 2028. |
| South Korea | President Lee Jae Myung (이재명) | Democratic Party of Korea (더불어민주당) | The next presidential election will be in 2030. |
| Thailand | Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul (อนุทิน ชาญวีรกูล) | A coalition led by the Bhumjaithai Party (พรรคภูมิใจไทย) | We are scheduled to serve as the chair of ASEAN in 2028. |
| Vietnam | Secretary-General and President To Lam (Tô Lâm), Prime Minister Le Minh Hung (Lê Minh Hưng) | Communist Party of Vietnam (Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam) | The current prime minister's term runs from 2026 to 2031. |
| Indonesia | President Prabowo Subianto | The Gerindra Party (Partai Gerindra) (the president is the party leader) | The next presidential election will be in 2029. |
| Malaysia | Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim | A unified government led by Pakatan Harapan | The House of Representatives will be automatically dissolved in December 2027, and a general election will be held within 60 days thereafter. |
| The Philippines | Ferdinand Marcos Jr. | According to private media reports in October 2026, the president leads the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas. | National and local elections will be held in 2028. |
| Singapore | Prime Minister Lawrence Wong | People's Action Party | The last general election was held in May 2025. The term of the legislature is five years, and general elections are held within three months of the legislature’s dissolution. The current legislature convened for the first time on September 5, 2025. |
| India | Prime Minister Narendra Modi | National Democratic Alliance, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party | The next general election for the House of Representatives will be held in 2029. |
| Australia | Prime Minister Anthony Albanese | Australian Labor Party | The number of seats in the House of Representatives will remain at 150 in the next federal election as well. |
| New Zealand | Prime Minister Christopher Luxon | A three-party coalition led by the New Zealand National Party | The general election will be held on November 7. |
Common Regional Context: The Situation in the Middle East and Fuel and Supply
Before delving into the issues in each country, let’s take a look at a situation that many governments in the region have been addressing around the same time: the situation in the Middle East and its impact on fuel and supplies.
In his 2026 National Day speech, Singaporean Prime Minister Lawrence Wong stated that a major crisis is unfolding in the Middle East and that shipping through the Strait of Hormuz has been disrupted. He went on to explain that the government had rolled out two rounds of support measures for workers, families, and businesses (Source: Office of the Prime Minister of Singapore).
In his speech at the United Nations General Assembly in September, South Korean President Lee Jae Myung stated that tensions surrounding the Strait of Hormuz are weakening energy supply chains (Source: South Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim stated in the 2027 budget proposal presented on October 9 that fuel subsidies are expected to remain at a high level of 40 billion ringgit (Source: Malaysian Ministry of Finance).Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade has also published an article titled “Maintaining a Stable Supply of Fuel Amid Regional and Global Price Fluctuations” (Source: Vietnam Ministry of Industry and Trade).
Australian Prime Minister Anthony Albanese, while not mentioning fuel, stated at the start of his October meeting with the King of Jordan that the conflict in the Middle East is intensifying (Source: Office of the Prime Minister of Australia).
East Asia
China
The President of China is Xi Jinping. Xi Jinping serves concurrently as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, President of the People’s Republic of China, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (Source: Chinese Government Website).At the July 1 rally marking the 105th anniversary of the Party’s founding, Li Qiang (李强) and other members of the Standing Committee of the Party’s Political Bureau attended en masse (Source: Chinese Government Website).
At its July meeting, the Party’s Political Bureau decided to convene the Fifth Plenary Session of the 20th Central Committee in Beijing in October. The agenda will focus on key issues related to advancing the Party’s strict self-governance (Source: Information Office of the State Council).According to state-run news agencies, a meeting on September 21 set the session dates for October 26–29 and decided to submit a document outlining a resolution on strengthening the Party’s self-governance for deliberation at this meeting (Source: Xinhua News Agency; treated as a private-sector source).
On the economic front, the meeting—also held in July—called for the implementation of a more proactive fiscal policy and a moderately accommodative monetary policy. It also highlighted the need to stabilize the real estate market and curb excessive price-cutting competition. It aims to ensure a strong start to the 15th Five-Year Plan period, which runs from 2026 to 2030 (Source: Information Office of the State Council).
The next milestone will be what is decided at the general meeting in late October.
Taiwan
The President of Taiwan is Lai Ching-te. President Lai Ching-te also serves as the chairperson of the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (Source: Central News Agency; a private source). Meanwhile, in the Legislative Yuan—Taiwan’s parliament—the Kuomintang (中國國民黨) and the Taiwan People's Party (台灣民眾黨) together hold a majority (Source: Central News Agency; private source).
Unified local elections will be held on November 28 (Source: Central News Agency; private source). The Central Election Commission estimates that there will be approximately 19.65 million eligible voters and 18,244 polling stations for this election (Source: Central Election Commission).In the Taipei mayoral race, the incumbent Kuomintang candidate and the Democratic Progressive Party candidate have agreed to hold their first televised debate on October 31 (Source: Central News Agency; private source).
On October 4, the chairman of the Kuomintang stated that it is necessary to win both the 2026 local elections and the 2028 presidential election so that local and central governments can work together to promote economic development and peace (Source: Central News Agency; private sector).
One of the key issues is the conflict between the executive branch and the Legislative Yuan over the budget and legislation. President Lai Ching-te urged the Legislative Yuan to promptly deliberate on and pass the 2027 central government budget and this year’s supplementary budget. In response, the chairperson of the Taiwan People's Party stated on October 10 that the Legislative Yuan had not yet begun committee deliberations on the budget. He further criticized the President for giving the impression that legislators were deliberately delaying the deliberations. He also stated that the executive branch cannot refuse to promulgate laws passed by the Legislative Yuan. In response, the Executive Yuan explained that these laws would strain the central government’s finances, favor specific groups, and could serve as a basis for the government, political parties, or the military to invest in private media outlets (Source: Central News Agency; private sector).
The opposition has also criticized the administration over cross-strait relations and energy issues. On the same day, the chairman of the Kuomintang criticized the Democratic Progressive Party for escalating tensions between China and Taiwan and called for the resumption of nuclear power generation (Source: Central News Agency; private source). The Democratic Progressive Party’s response to this criticism is not included in the materials verified by this article.
South Korea
Lee Jae Myung is the President of South Korea. In the June 3 unified local elections, the ruling Democratic Party of Korea won 12 metropolitan and provincial gubernatorial races, while the opposition People Power Party (국민의힘) won four: Seoul, Daegu, North Gyeongsang Province, and South Gyeongsang Province. Voter turnout was 61% (Source: An article by the Swedish research institute ISDP; this is a private source).
In local mayoral elections, the Democratic Party of Korea won 119 seats, while People Power Party won 95. The same article analyzes that conservative politicians who won elections such as the Seoul mayoral race could emerge as leading candidates in the 2030 presidential election (Source: ISDP).
In the National Diet, the conduct of parliamentary proceedings became a point of contention. In July, the Democratic Party of Korea proposed a bill to shorten the deliberation period for priority bills and impose new conditions on lengthy speeches intended to prolong proceedings. The party explained that this was to prevent opposition parties from obstructing deliberations. The People Power Party opposes the measure, arguing that it would weaken mechanisms protecting the parliamentary minority and allow the ruling party to ram bills through using its majority (Source: UPI. A private news source).
On the diplomatic front, President Lee Jae Myung presented three blueprints for peaceful coexistence on the Korean Peninsula at the United Nations General Assembly in September. These are: coexistence based on mutual respect for each other’s systems; stable coexistence that eliminates the need for conflict; and responsible coexistence that contributes to world peace. As a first step, he cited the reestablishment of basic channels for dialogue (Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea).
Southeast Asia
Thailand
The Prime Minister of Thailand is Mr. Anutin Charnvirakul, leader of the Bhumjaithai Party. Following the general election on February 8, he was re-elected as prime minister in a vote by the House of Representatives on March 19, receiving 293 votes. His opponent received 119 votes, and 86 members of the House abstained from voting (Source: Government Public Relations Department of Thailand).
In the general election, the Bhumjaithai Party won 193 seats in the 500-seat House of Representatives, becoming the largest party. The government is a coalition of multiple parties (Source: Government Public Relations Office of Thailand). Prime Minister Anutin has served as prime minister since September 2025. The previous prime minister was removed from office by the Constitutional Court over a private conversation with the President of the Senate of Cambodia (Source: Government Public Relations Office of Thailand).
One of the major points of contention is the relationship with Cambodia. First, here is the Thai government’s explanation. On May 5, the Cabinet decided to terminate the memorandum of understanding signed with Cambodia in 2001 regarding maritime areas where the two countries’ continental shelf claims overlap.A government spokesperson explained that this was intended to review the framework for cooperation and does not signify an end to the relationship or negotiations (Source: Government Public Relations Bureau of Thailand).
In his speech at the United Nations General Assembly on September 24, Prime Minister Anutin expressed regret that Cambodia had initiated compulsory conciliation proceedings under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. He further stated that this process pertains solely to the delimitation of maritime boundaries. He is calling on Cambodia to provide concrete cooperation in combating online fraud and clearing landmines (Source: Government Public Relations Office of Thailand).
Next is the explanation from the Cambodian government. In a statement on May 6, 2026, the Cambodian Prime Minister stated that this memorandum of understanding was a bilateral framework agreed upon by the two countries more than 25 years ago to address maritime areas where their claims overlap. He expressed regret that Thailand had decided to unilaterally withdraw from the memorandum, explaining that Cambodia has always prioritized the bilateral mechanism established under this memorandum. Furthermore, he stated that Cambodia has no other option but to rely on international law and the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, particularly the mechanism for compulsory conciliation (Source: Press and Public Relations Department of the Government of Cambodia).
The government's policy guidelines state that Thailand will serve as the chair of ASEAN in 2028 and aims to join the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development by 2028 (Source: Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
Vietnam
In Vietnam, Communist Party of Vietnam General Secretary To Lam also serves as President. The National Assembly elected General Secretary To Lam as President and Le Minh Hung as Prime Minister (Source: Vietnamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
Prime Minister Le Minh Hung was elected on April 7 during the first session of the 16th National Assembly. The resolution on his election was approved unanimously by all 495 deputies in attendance. His term runs from 2026 to 2031 (Source: Ministry of Industry and Trade of Vietnam).A congratulatory message from Laos’s supreme leader referred to the implementation of the resolutions of the 14th Party Congress (Source: Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Vietnam).
The Ministry of Industry and Trade’s website features an article with a headline regarding the stable supply of fuel, as mentioned earlier. The National Assembly’s second session is scheduled to be held in two parts: from October 17 to November 14, and from November 20 to 21. During this session, the National Assembly is scheduled to deliberate on and pass 43 bills and resolutions. It will also make decisions on 10 issues related to socio-economic affairs, the national budget, and oversight (Source: Vietnam News; a private news source).
Indonesia
The President of Indonesia is Prabowo Subianto. President Prabowo has served as the chairman of the Gerindra Party since 2014. According to reports from 2025, the Gerindra Party held an extraordinary party convention and decided to reappoint President Prabowo as party leader through 2030 and to field him again in the 2029 presidential election (Source: The Jakarta Post; a private news source).
On May 20, President Prabowo personally addressed the National Assembly to outline the economic and fiscal policies that will form the framework for the 2027 budget. He stated that, given the geopolitical and economic tensions and uncertainties around the world, he felt it was necessary to explain these matters directly to the National Assembly. He highlighted food security, education, healthcare, and the strengthening of the national economy as key priorities (Source: Indonesian Cabinet Secretariat).
Based on the official documents cited in this article, it is clear that budgetary policy and economic stability in the context of global affairs are the government’s top priorities.
Malaysia
The Prime Minister of Malaysia is Anwar Ibrahim. On October 9, Prime Minister Anwar presented the 2027 budget proposal to the House of Representatives (Source: Malay Mail; a private news source).The budget proposal sets a total of 510 billion ringgit, mobilizing the nation’s resources, which exceeds the previous year’s figure of 470 billion ringgit (Source: Malaysian Ministry of Finance).
The budget proposal acknowledges that the cost of living is a heavy burden on the public and states that spending on subsidies, assistance, and incentives is expected to exceed 80 billion ringgit next year (Source: Malaysian Ministry of Finance).The provisional amount of special grants to the states of Sabah and Sarawak has been raised to 1.5 billion ringgit, and negotiations with both states regarding the annual calculation formula are ongoing (Source: Malaysian Ministry of Finance).
The administration is a unity government formed under an agreement reached after the 15th general election in 2022. Anthony Loke, Secretary-General of the Democratic Action Party and Minister of Transport, stated on September 6 that there have been calls for the Prime Minister to dissolve the House of Representatives following the state assembly elections in Johor and Negri Sembilan. He further expressed the view that, with 15 months remaining until the House of Representatives’ term ends in December 2027, there is no need for a dissolution. The same article also mentions reports that the chairman of Barisan Nasional has expressed support for an early general election (Source: The Star. This is a private source). The Secretary-General of Pakatan Harapan has stated that an early general election is unnecessary, as the government’s term ends in February 2028. Prime Minister Anwar had previously indicated that he might dissolve the House of Representatives earlier than scheduled if coalition partners threatened political stability (Source: Malay Mail. This is a private source).
There have also been calls from within the coalition regarding budget allocations. An advisor to the Democratic Action Party, while praising the budget proposal, called for 10 percent of the allocation intended for the Bumiputera to be redirected to other ethnic communities (Source: Malay Mail).
The Philippines
The President of the Philippines is Ferdinand Marcos Jr. President Marcos Jr. is the leader of the Partido Federal ng Pilipinas. This was reported in May 2024 (Source: Journal News. A private source).A report dated October 15, 2026, also identifies this party as the one led by the president (Source: The Inquirer; a private source). The main issues currently under debate include the impeachment trial of Vice President Sara Duterte and allegations of corruption surrounding flood control projects.
On October 13, the Senate Impeachment Court granted the House manager’s request to withdraw three of the four articles of impeachment. The only remaining charges are those regarding unexplained assets and the alleged failure to disclose those assets (Source: An article from a Philippine newspaper featured in a Senate press clipping. This is a private source).
Regarding issues with flood control projects, President Marcos stated in his fifth State of the Nation Address that the Commission on Audit had begun investigating his cousin, former House Speaker Martin Romualdez, and emphasized that no family member would be exempt. Mr. Romualdez issued a statement saying that the proper procedures should be followed and that the evidence should speak for itself (Source: An article from a Philippine newspaper featured in the Senate’s press clippings. This is a private source).
The next major milestone will be the national and local elections in 2028. According to the Department of Budget and Management, the 2027 budget proposal allocates 29.5 billion pesos to the Commission on Elections, of which 23.92 billion pesos will be earmarked for preparations for the 2028 elections (Source: Philippine Department of Budget and Management).
Singapore
The Prime Minister of Singapore is Lawrence Wong. General elections were held on May 3, 2025, and the total number of votes cast, including those cast overseas, was 2,438,610, representing 92.83% of eligible voters in the contested constituencies (Source: Singapore Elections Department).The current Parliament convened for the first time on September 5, 2025 (Source: Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore). The term of Parliament is five years, but the President may dissolve Parliament before the end of its term upon the advice of the Prime Minister. General elections must be held within three months of Parliament’s dissolution (Source: Singapore Elections Department). The Elections Department’s results list shows the constituencies where candidates from the People's Action Party and the Workers' Party were elected (Source: Singapore Elections Department).
The current challenges are the impact of the Middle East crisis on the supply of energy, food, and other essentials, as well as the burden of housing costs. In his National Day speech, Prime Minister Wong stated that the Middle East crisis has exposed vulnerabilities in the supply of energy, food, and other essentials. Regarding housing, he announced that the income ceiling for households eligible to apply for new public housing will be raised from $14,000 to $16,000 (Source: Office of the Prime Minister of Singapore).
South Asia
India
The Prime Minister of India is Narendra Modi. In the lower house, the National Democratic Alliance, led by the Bharatiya Janata Party, holds 292 seats, while the opposition coalition holds approximately 233 seats (Source: Indian news outlet Ommanorama; this is a private source).
The major issues in 2026 will be the allocation of seats for women and the redrawing of electoral districts. During the special session in April, the government proposed a constitutional amendment to increase the number of seats in the House of Representatives from 543 to a maximum of 850 and to ensure that 33% of the seats are reserved for women before the 2029 general election (Source: Onmanorama).
Prime Minister Modi stated that no state would be treated unfairly. Meanwhile, the opposition, while supporting the quota for women, opposed linking it to the redistricting process. Opposition leader Rahul Gandhi has accused the government of attempting to seize power through the redistricting process. There are concerns that southern states will see their share of seats reduced because they have successfully kept population growth in check (Source: Onmanorama).
This amendment was put to a vote in the Lower House on April 17 and, although it received 298 votes in favor, it fell 54 votes short of the required 352 and was rejected. The government withdrew the related redistricting bill and other related legislation (Source: Explanation from VisionIAS, a website preparing candidates for India’s civil service exams; this is a private-sector source). Women hold 74 seats in the Lower House, accounting for approximately 14% (Source: VisionIAS).
Oceania
Australia
The Prime Minister of Australia is Anthony Albanese of the Australian Labor Party. The government’s first tax reform bill has passed Parliament. Among other provisions, it limits the ability to offset losses from renting out a home against other income to newly constructed homes starting July 1, 2027. According to the Treasurer, three right-wing parties, including One Nation, opposed the bill (Source: Australian Department of Finance). The reasons given by the opposing parties were not included in the materials reviewed for this article.
On the opposition side, the Australian Greens have elected a new leader. It has been reported that the new leader stated he would take on both the Australian Labor Party government and the increasingly influential One Nation party (Source: Illawarra Mercury; a private news source).
The Electoral Commission has decided to keep the number of seats in the House of Representatives at 150 for the next federal election. The current 48th Parliament first convened on July 22, 2025 (Source: Australian Electoral Commission).
New Zealand
A general election will be held in New Zealand on November 7. Voters living abroad can cast their ballots starting October 21, and the deadline for voter registration is October 25 (Source: New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade).
Prime Minister Christopher Luxon is the leader of the New Zealand National Party and heads a three-party coalition government with the ACT New Zealand Party and New Zealand First. Prime Minister Luxon is seeking a second term. It has been reported that in April and August 2026, he survived two no-confidence votes brought by members of the New Zealand National Party (Source: An article in the Australian newspaper *The Canberra Times*. This is a private source).
The New Zealand Labour Party, the largest opposition party, is led by Chris Hipkins and advocates for affordable living costs, public services, and economic stability. New Zealand First has proposed limiting the right to vote in elections to citizens only.ACT New Zealand holds 11 of the 123 seats in Parliament (Source: The Canberra Times).
According to reports in January, the cost of living was expected to be the biggest issue in this election as well. The same reports noted that the election would test whether voters would blame Prime Minister Laxon’s administration for the economic slump or accept the prime minister’s claim that the previous Labor Party administration was to blame (Source: The Canberra Times).
Comparison of Issues
The following table summarizes the content covered so far, as organized by this article.
| Country/Region | Current Key Issues |
|---|---|
| China | The October general meeting will focus on strengthening the party's self-governance. |
| Taiwan | The president's office and the Legislative Yuan majority are at odds over the budget and legislation. |
| South Korea | In July, tensions escalated between the ruling and opposition parties over how to conduct parliamentary proceedings. |
| Thailand | The focus is on the maritime boundary with Cambodia and border security. |
| Vietnam | According to private media reports, the second session of Vietnam’s National Assembly will address 43 bills and resolutions, as well as 10 issues related to socioeconomic matters and the national budget, among others. |
| Indonesia | The government's priorities are the 2027 budget guidelines and economic stability. |
| Malaysia | The focus is on measures to address the cost of living and the timing of the next general election. |
| The Philippines | The focus is on the vice president's impeachment trial and corruption surrounding flood control projects. |
| Singapore | The impact of the Middle East crisis on supply and the burden of housing costs are major challenges. |
| India | The ruling and opposition parties clashed over the allocation of seats for women and the redrawing of electoral districts. |
| Australia | The first bill on housing tax reform has been enacted. |
| New Zealand | A general election was held on November 7, and according to news reports in January, the cost of living was cited as the top issue in the election. |
Reference Information
- Bhumjaithai Party Leader Anutin Charnvirakul Re-elected Prime Minister of Thailand(The Government Public Relations Department)
https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/48/iid/486890 - Statement by Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul at UNGA81 in New York(The Government Public Relations Department)
https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/49/iid/544992 - Cabinet Approves Termination of the 2001 MOU between Thailand and Cambodia(The Government Public Relations Department)
https://thailand.prd.go.th/en/content/category/detail/id/48/iid/500329 - Prime Minister Hun Manet: Cambodia Decides to Invoke UNCLOS Compulsory Conciliation to Peacefully Resolve Maritime Overlapping Claims with Thailand(Press and Quick Reaction Unit, Cambodia)
https://pressocm.gov.kh/en/archives/122233 - Policy Statement of the Council of Ministers of Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul(Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Kingdom of Thailand)
https://www.mfa.go.th/en/page/foreign-policy?menu=5e1fcc1657b01e001a03f7d2 - Head of the Central Organizing Commission Le Minh Hung elected Prime Minister(Ministry of Industry and Trade of Viet Nam)
https://moit.gov.vn/en/news/head-of-the-central-organizing-commission-le-minh-hung-elected-prime-minister.html - Congratulations extended to Vietnam's newly elected key leaders(Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Viet Nam)
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https://setkab.go.id/5tja - Prabowo to run again in 2029(The Jakarta Post)
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https://www.mof.gov.my/portal/en/news/speech/speech-the-fifth-madani-budget-2027 - Lim Guan Eng calls Budget 2027 Anwar's 'most reform-minded' yet(Malay Mail)
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https://www.malaymail.com/news/malaysia/2026/09/12/we-still-have-until-february-2028-pakatan-sec-gen-says-as-ge16-chatter-grows/234955 - Loke backs Anwar amid early election calls, urges focus on reform agenda(The Star)
https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2026/09/06/loke-backs-anwar-amid-early-election-calls-urges-focus-on-reform-agenda - From 4 to 1: Impeach court OKs reduced raps vs Sara Duterte(Senate of the Philippines, eClips)
https://eclips.senate.gov.ph/congress/from-4-to-1-impeach-court-oks-reduced-raps-vs-sara-duterte - Marcos: Kin not spared from corruption fight(Senate of the Philippines, eClips)
https://eclips.senate.gov.ph/malacanang/marcos-kin-not-spared-from-corruption-fight - COMELEC budget up 46% to P29.50-B in proposed 2027 National Budget(Department of Budget and Management)
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https://english.news.cn/20260921/36bcad50f7474a2f8c55c8e3eaa64bb7/c.html - 115年地方公職人員選舉估選舉人1,965萬人 全台設置1萬8,244處投票所(中央選舉委員會)
https://web.cec.gov.tw/central/article/63642 - Opposition leaders criticize DPP, Lai in National Day remarks(Focus Taiwan, 中央通訊社)
https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202610100013 - Major party leaders rally across Taiwan in support of local election candidates(Focus Taiwan, 中央通訊社)
https://focustaiwan.tw/politics/202610040012 - Address by His Excellency Lee Jae Myung President of the Republic of Korea, General Debate 81st Session of the UN General Assembly(외교부)
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https://www.onmanorama.com/news/india/2026/04/16/parliament-special-session-april-16-live.amp.html - Constitution (131st Amendment) Bill Defeated in Lok Sabha(VisionIAS)
https://www.visionias.in/blog/english/constitution-131st-amendment-bill-defeated-in-lok-sabha - Opening remarks - Parliament House, Canberra(Prime Minister of Australia)
https://www.pm.gov.au/media/opening-remarks-parliament-house-canberra-14-october-2026 - Tax reform bill passes the Parliament(Treasury Ministers, Australian Government)
https://ministers.treasury.gov.au/ministers/jim-chalmers-2022/media-releases/tax-reform-bill-passes-parliament - House of Representatives composition unchanged for next federal election(Australian Electoral Commission)
https://www.aec.gov.au/media/2026/07-23.htm - Greens issue call to arms as leadership loser hits out(Illawarra Mercury)
https://www.illawarramercury.com.au/story/9359916/greens-newcomers-announce-leadership-tilt/ - 2026 New Zealand General Election(New Zealand Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade)
https://www.mfat.govt.nz/br/media-and-resources/2026-new-zealand-general-election - Guide to the 2026 New Zealand election(The Canberra Times)
https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/9157864/guide-to-the-2026-new-zealand-election/ - Smaller parties could determine NZ's next government(The Canberra Times)
https://www.canberratimes.com.au/story/9367153/smaller-parties-could-determine-nzs-next-government/
This article was written by AI from public records and non-governmental sources, and translated automatically.
Corrections
- We have corrected an error in which "mandatory conciliation" under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea had been translated as "arbitration" or "mediation" in some languages.
- In the section on Thailand, I added an explanation from the Cambodian government. Regarding the party in power in the Philippines, I included information based on a news report from October 2026.
- I have deleted the section titled “Proposed Options,” which went beyond the scope of the article (a summary of the current situation in each country).
- In the Singapore column of the table, the wording had made it seem as though the "previous general election" was the "next general election," so I corrected it. I also revised the wording of the disclaimer indicating that the information is based on private sources.
- I checked the reference materials to verify and add information regarding the ruling party in the Philippines—which I hadn’t confirmed in the list—the rules for Singapore’s next general election, and the current issues in Vietnam.



